Volfram infraqizil isitish quvurlarida bir zumda oqim ko'tarilishi

Users of resistance heating tubes or tungsten wire infraqizil isitish naychalari are aware that when these tubes are first started, within the first minute or so, the current in the circuit is very large. This phenomenon is known as instantaneous inrush current, where the initial current is much greater than the rated current. But why does this happen?

Birinchidan, oniy oqimni aniqlaymiz. Devrenda, u yoqilganda, odatda katta oqim hosil bo'ladi. Ushbu qisqa muddatli katta oqim deyiladi oniy oqim. Kondensatorli sxemalarda bu qisqa tutashuvni samarali yaratib, birinchi marta yoqilganda kondansatkichlarni zaryad qilish zarurati bilan bog'liq. Shuning uchun lahzali oqim nazariy jihatdan juda katta bo'lishi mumkin. Ushbu kontseptsiyani kondansatkichli sxemalarda tushunish nisbatan oson. Lekin nima uchun bu infraqizil isitish trubkasi sxemalarida sodir bo'ladi?

Let’s first understand the material of the heating filament in infraqizil isitish naychalari—tungsten wire. Tungsten, with its high melting point, high resistivity, and good mechanical strength, is the best material for incandescent lamps among all pure metals. The heating principle of infrared heating tubes is similar to that of incandescent lamps, so tungsten wire is also used for the heating filament.

20−da, volfram simining qarshiligi 5.3-da, 10-8-da, volfram simining qarshiligi M5.3 \marta 10^{-8}\, \omega \cdot M5.3-da, 10-8-da, volfram simining qarshiligi harorat bilan ortadi. Volfram sim uchun qarshilik harorat koeffitsienti 5.5×10-3/100°C5 hisoblanadi.5 \marta 10^{-3}/100°C5.5×10-3/100°C yuzasida harorat volfram filaman bir 100W cho'g'lanma odatda intervallarni o'rtasida 2300-2800°C Uchun infraqizil isitish quvurlari, qaysi odatda, bor kuchi atrofida 1000W, operatsion harorati ham yuqori ko'ra 2800°C Shunday qilib, ish paytida infraqizil isitish naychasining qarshiligi uning xona haroratidagi qarshiligidan (sovuqqa chidamliligi) ancha katta.

Xo'sh, 220V 500 Vt infraqizil isitish trubasining sovuqqa chidamliligi va ish qarshiligi qanday? Qarshilik o'zgarishi egri chizig'i ishga tushganda nimaga o'xshaydi? "Yoritish elektr jihozlari" jurnalidagi qog'ozdan olingan sinov ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, volfram simli infraqizil isitish naychasining qarshiligi 7,45 dan 87,36 gacha. Bu shuni anglatadiki, 220V barqaror kuchlanish bilan ishga tushirilganda bir lahzali oqim barqaror ish oqimidan 10 baravar ko'pdir.

Qarshilikning eng katta o'zgarishi birinchi soniyada sodir bo'ladi. Xo'sh, nima uchun volfram simli infraqizil isitish trubkasi ishga tushirilganda bir lahzali oqim oqimiga ega? Bu, asosan, past haroratlarda volfram simining past qarshiligi bilan bog'liq. Agar kuchlanish doimiy bo'lib qolsa, ishga tushirishning birinchi soniyasidagi oqim nominal quvvatdagi oqimdan ancha katta bo'ladi.

Ushbu tamoyil an'anaviy qarshilik isitish quvurlariga ham tegishli.

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