{"id":3698,"date":"2024-05-30T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/?p=3698"},"modified":"2024-06-27T16:59:50","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T08:59:50","slug":"research-on-processing-and-annealing-techniques-of-quartz-glass","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/research-on-processing-and-annealing-techniques-of-quartz-glass\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdskum techn\u00edk spracovania a \u017e\u00edhania kremenn\u00e9ho skla"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents uagb-toc__align-left uagb-toc__columns-1  uagb-block-7f4d3acd\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-scroll= \"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-offset= \"30\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uagb-toc__separator'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__list-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#1-introduction\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">1. \u00davod<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#2-processing-of-quartz-glass-products\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">2. Spracovanie v\u00fdrobkov z kremenn\u00e9ho skla<\/a><ul class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#21-types-of-quartz-glass-materials\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">2.1 Typy materi\u00e1lov z kremenn\u00e9ho skla<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#22-processing-of-quartz-glass-materials\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">2.2 Spracovanie materi\u00e1lov z kremenn\u00e9ho skla<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#3-stress-in-quartz-glass-products\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">3. Stres vo v\u00fdrobkoch z kremenn\u00e9ho skla<\/a><ul class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#31-generation-of-stress\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">3.1 Generovanie stresu<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#32-types-of-stress-in-quartz-glass-products\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">3.2 Typy nap\u00e4tia vo v\u00fdrobkoch z kremenn\u00e9ho skla<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#321-temporary-stress\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">3.2.1 Do\u010dasn\u00fd stres<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#322-permanent-stress\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">3.2.2 Trval\u00fd stres<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#4-annealing-of-quartz-products\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">4. \u017d\u00edhanie v\u00fdrobkov z kreme\u0148a<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#conclusion\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Z\u00e1ver<\/a><\/ul><\/ul><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-b18411bb\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">1. \u00davod<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento v\u00fdskum techn\u00edk spracovania a \u017e\u00edhania kremenn\u00e9ho skla je zameran\u00fd na v\u00fdrobu optick\u00fdch vl\u00e1kien a s\u00favisiace projekty. Sna\u017e\u00ed sa praxou zlep\u0161i\u0165 stabilitu kremenn\u00fdch produktov pri vysok\u00fdch a norm\u00e1lnych teplot\u00e1ch, \u010d\u00edm sa zabezpe\u010d\u00ed hladk\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia produktov v r\u00f4znych scen\u00e1roch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-382e9e38\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">2. Spracovanie v\u00fdrobkov z kremenn\u00e9ho skla<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-70147f77\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">2.1 Typy materi\u00e1lov z kremenn\u00e9ho skla<\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Kremenn\u00e9 sklo sa klasifikuje pod\u013ea met\u00f3d spracovania, pou\u017eitia a vzh\u013eadu, ako napr\u00edklad taven\u00e9 prieh\u013eadn\u00e9 kremenn\u00e9 sklo, taven\u00e9 kremenn\u00e9 sklo, plynom rafinovan\u00e9 prieh\u013eadn\u00e9 kremenn\u00e9 sklo, syntetick\u00e9 kremenn\u00e9 sklo, neprieh\u013eadn\u00e9 kremenn\u00e9 sklo, optick\u00e9 kremenn\u00e9 sklo, kremenn\u00e9 sklo pre polovodi\u010de a kreme\u0148 sklo pre elektrick\u00e9 sveteln\u00e9 zdroje. Tieto s\u00fa rozdelen\u00e9 do dvoch hlavn\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed: prieh\u013eadn\u00e9 a neprieh\u013eadn\u00e9. Na z\u00e1klade \u010distoty sa del\u00ed do troch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed: vysok\u00e1 \u010distota, oby\u010dajn\u00e1 a dopovan\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Devitrifik\u00e1cia kremenn\u00e9ho skla odoln\u00e9ho vo\u010di vysokej teplote je prirodzenou chybou. Kremenn\u00e9 sklo m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161iu vn\u00fatorn\u00fa energiu ako kry\u0161talick\u00fd kreme\u0148, \u010do z neho rob\u00ed termodynamicky nestabiln\u00fd metastabiln\u00fd stav. Molekuly SiO2 ur\u00fdch\u013euj\u00fa vibr\u00e1cie a po dlhodobom prestavovan\u00ed a orient\u00e1cii vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa kry\u0161t\u00e1ly. Kry\u0161taliz\u00e1cia sa vyskytuje hlavne na povrchu, po ktorej nasleduj\u00fa vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 defekty, preto\u017ee tieto oblasti s\u00fa n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na kontamin\u00e1ciu, \u010do vedie k lokalizovanej akumul\u00e1cii i\u00f3nov ne\u010dist\u00f4t. Najm\u00e4 alkalick\u00e9 i\u00f3ny (ako K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg) zni\u017euj\u00fa viskozitu pri vstupe do siete, \u010d\u00edm ur\u00fdch\u013euj\u00fa devitrifik\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok pojedn\u00e1va o spracovan\u00fdch kremenn\u00fdch komponentoch, pokr\u00fdvaj\u00facich iba prieh\u013eadn\u00e9 syntetick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1torov\u00e9 kremenn\u00e9 sklo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-bdc70e2a\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">2.2 Spracovanie materi\u00e1lov z kremenn\u00e9ho skla<\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Pri spracovan\u00ed kremenn\u00e9ho skla sa typicky pou\u017e\u00edva vod\u00edkovo-kysl\u00edkov\u00fd plame\u0148 s teplotou spracovania asi 1500-1600 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-5c83f448\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">3. Stres vo v\u00fdrobkoch z kremenn\u00e9ho skla<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-cf542c19\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">3.1 Generovanie stresu<\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Sklo je zl\u00fd vodi\u010d tepla. Ke\u010f sa kus kremenn\u00e9ho skla (bez tlaku) zahreje alebo ochlad\u00ed, vonkaj\u0161ia vrstva kremenn\u00e9ho skla sa priamo zahreje alebo za\u010dne najsk\u00f4r chladn\u00fa\u0165 a vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 sklo sa zahreje (vedenie tepla pren\u00e1\u0161a vonkaj\u0161ie teplo dovn\u00fatra) alebo sa ochlad\u00ed a\u017e potom. . To vytv\u00e1ra teplotn\u00fd rozdiel medzi povrchom a vn\u00fatrom kremenn\u00e9ho skla. Pri zahrievan\u00ed je povrchov\u00e1 teplota priamo vyhrievan\u00e9ho kremenn\u00e9ho skla vysok\u00e1 a vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 teplota kremenn\u00e9ho skla prij\u00edmaj\u00faceho teplo je n\u00edzka, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee vonkaj\u0161ia vrstva vyhrievan\u00e9ho kremenn\u00e9ho skla expanduje. Ni\u017e\u0161ia teplota interi\u00e9ru sa sna\u017e\u00ed zachova\u0165 svoj p\u00f4vodn\u00fd stav, \u010d\u00edm br\u00e1ni expanzii vonkaj\u0161ej vrstvy. V kremennom skle teda doch\u00e1dza k expanzii a anti-expanzii, \u010do vytv\u00e1ra dva typy nap\u00e4tia v d\u00f4sledku interakcie: tlakov\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie a \u0165ahov\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie. Sila, ktor\u00e1 sa sna\u017e\u00ed zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 vonkaj\u0161ej vrstve kremenn\u00e9ho skla expandova\u0165 dovn\u00fatra a p\u00f4sobi\u0165 na vonkaj\u0161iu vrstvu, sa naz\u00fdva tlakov\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie, zatia\u013e \u010do sila vyv\u00edjan\u00e1 vonkaj\u0161ou vrstvou kremenn\u00e9ho skla expanduj\u00faca dovn\u00fatra je zn\u00e1ma ako \u0165ahov\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Preto\u017ee pevnos\u0165 kremenn\u00e9ho skla v tlaku je ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ako jeho pevnos\u0165 v \u0165ahu, vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 a vonkaj\u0161ia vrstva kremenn\u00e9ho skla m\u00f4\u017ee odola\u0165 zna\u010dn\u00fdm teplotn\u00fdm rozdielom po\u010das zahrievania. Pri spracovan\u00ed lampou sa kremenn\u00e9 sklo m\u00f4\u017ee priamo ohrieva\u0165 vo vod\u00edkovo-kysl\u00edkovom plameni bez rozbitia. Naopak, ke\u010f sa kremenn\u00e9 sklo zahriate na 500 \u00b0C alebo viac vlo\u017e\u00ed do chladiacej vody, \u013eahko praskne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozlo\u017eenie nap\u00e4tia generovan\u00e9ho spracovan\u00edm lampy je pribli\u017ene nasledovn\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stres pri rota\u010dnom taven\u00ed<\/strong> Ruky oper\u00e1tora ot\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa a tavia sklenen\u00fa trubicu v plameni hor\u00e1ka. Preto\u017ee sa sklenen\u00e1 trubica zahrieva sk\u00f4r rot\u00e1ciou ako v roztavenej \u010dasti, nap\u00e4tie sa prejavuje ako kruhov\u00e9 \u010diary.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stres pri bo\u010dnom topen\u00ed<\/strong> Pri otvoroch, bo\u010dn\u00fdch spojoch a prie\u010dnom zv\u00e1ran\u00ed vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho jadra kremenn\u00fdch trub\u00edc sa kremenn\u00e1 trubica neot\u00e1\u010da, \u010do m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok in\u00e9 rozlo\u017eenie nap\u00e4tia, ako je uveden\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie. V tomto \u010dase sa nap\u00e4tie rozlo\u017e\u00ed okolo roztavenej \u010dasti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stres v prstencov\u00fdch spojoch<\/strong> Kr\u00fa\u017ekov\u00e9 spoje sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa zv\u00e1rania vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho jadra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stres v uzavret\u00fdch koncoch bundov\u00fdch produktov<\/strong> V\u00fdrobky z kremenn\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ov n\u00e1strojov sa dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa v r\u00f4znych form\u00e1ch, ale v\u0161etky s\u00fa zape\u010daten\u00e9. Napr\u00edklad v \u0161tandardnej rovnej trubici kondenz\u00e1tora, ke\u010f s\u00fa oba konce utesnen\u00e9, je nap\u00e4tie pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 nielen na vonkaj\u0161om pl\u00e1\u0161ti, ale aj na vn\u00fatornom jadre, \u010do vedie k zna\u010dn\u00e9mu nam\u00e1haniu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve\u013ekos\u0165 nap\u00e4tia sa men\u00ed s teplotn\u00fdm rozdielom a hr\u00fabkou kremenn\u00e9ho skla. \u010c\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed je teplotn\u00fd rozdiel a \u010d\u00edm je sklo hrub\u0161ie, t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie je nap\u00e4tie. Preto je odstr\u00e1nenie stresu obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-0512fd7b\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">3.2 Typy nap\u00e4tia vo v\u00fdrobkoch z kremenn\u00e9ho skla<\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tepeln\u00e9 nam\u00e1hanie vo v\u00fdrobkoch z kremenn\u00e9ho skla mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 na do\u010dasn\u00e9 nam\u00e1hanie a trval\u00e9 nam\u00e1hanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-599187b2\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">3.2.1 Do\u010dasn\u00fd stres<\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Do\u010dasn\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f je zmena teploty skla pod teplotou bodu deform\u00e1cie, \u010do vedie k nerovnomern\u00e9mu celkov\u00e9mu teplu v d\u00f4sledku zlej tepelnej vodivosti, \u010do vytv\u00e1ra ur\u010dit\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie. Toto tepeln\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie existuje v d\u00f4sledku teplotn\u00e9ho rozdielu a je zn\u00e1me ako do\u010dasn\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je potrebn\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee ke\u010f\u017ee spracov\u00e1van\u00e9 ty\u010de s kremenn\u00fdm jadrom zvy\u010dajne obsahuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, s\u00fa n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na nerovnomern\u00e9 zahrievanie. Preto by sa po sp\u00e1jan\u00ed mal pou\u017ei\u0165 plame\u0148 na rovnomern\u00e9 zahriatie tela ty\u010de, \u010d\u00edm by bol celkov\u00fd teplotn\u00fd gradient \u010do najhlad\u0161\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm sa v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei do\u010dasn\u00e9 nam\u00e1hanie ty\u010de s kremenn\u00fdm jadrom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-0e905379\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">3.2.2 Trval\u00fd stres<\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ke\u010f sa sklo ochladzuje nad teplotou bodu deform\u00e1cie, tepeln\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 teplotn\u00fdm rozdielom po ochladen\u00ed na izbov\u00fa teplotu \u00faplne nezmizne a zanech\u00e1va ur\u010dit\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie v skle. Ve\u013ekos\u0165 trval\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia z\u00e1vis\u00ed od r\u00fdchlosti ochladzovania nad teplotou bodu deform\u00e1cie, viskozity kremenn\u00e9ho skla, koeficientu tepelnej roz\u0165a\u017enosti a hr\u00fabky produktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako bolo uveden\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie, trval\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie vznikaj\u00face po spracovan\u00ed kremennej ty\u010de ovplyv\u0148uje n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 spracovanie a v\u00fdrobu. Trval\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie je preto mo\u017en\u00e9 odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 iba \u017e\u00edhan\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-998d3415\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">4. \u017d\u00edhanie v\u00fdrobkov z kreme\u0148a<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Vo v\u0161eobecnosti s\u00fa sklenen\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky po spracovan\u00ed \u017e\u00edhan\u00e9. \u017d\u00edhanie sa t\u00fdka procesu tepeln\u00e9ho spracovania medzi teplotou prechodu a teplotou bodu deform\u00e1cie, aby sa eliminovalo tepeln\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie vznikaj\u00face po\u010das v\u00fdrobn\u00e9ho procesu. Typicky, \u010d\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed je koeficient roz\u0165a\u017enosti skla, \u010d\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed je priemer a \u010d\u00edm zlo\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed je stav produktu, t\u00fdm silnej\u0161ie je nap\u00e4tie. Ako u\u017e bolo spomenut\u00e9, kremenn\u00e1 ty\u010dinka m\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00fd priemer a obsahuje ty\u010dinky so zmie\u0161an\u00fdm jadrom, tak\u017ee na odstr\u00e1nenie nap\u00e4tia je potrebn\u00e9 pr\u00edsne tepeln\u00e9 spracovanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pri skuto\u010dnej v\u00fdrobe nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u00faplne eliminova\u0165 nap\u00e4tie v tele ty\u010de po\u010das \u017e\u00edhania kremennej ty\u010de. Zvy\u0161kov\u00e9 mno\u017estvo je v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 mal\u00e9, \u017ee sa ned\u00e1 \u013eahko zisti\u0165 ani pod polaroskopom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teoreticky najvy\u0161\u0161ia teplota \u017e\u00edhania znamen\u00e1, \u017ee 951 TP3T nap\u00e4tia mo\u017eno odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 po 3 min\u00fatach; najni\u017e\u0161ia teplota \u017e\u00edhania vedie k uvo\u013eneniu nap\u00e4tia 5% po 3 min\u00fatach. Vo v\u00fdrobnej praxi sa be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edva teplota o 50\u00b0C ni\u017e\u0161ia ako najvy\u0161\u0161ia teplota \u017e\u00edhania a o 100\u00b0C vy\u0161\u0161ia ako najni\u017e\u0161ia teplota \u017e\u00edhania. Existuje mnoho sp\u00f4sobov \u017e\u00edhania, ale hlavnou met\u00f3dou je \u017e\u00edhanie v peci, na ktor\u00e9 sa zameriava t\u00e1to diskusia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9ho princ\u00edpu \u017e\u00edhania je \u017e\u00edhanie kremenn\u00e9ho skla rozdelen\u00e9 do \u0161tyroch stup\u0148ov: stupe\u0148 ohrevu, stupe\u0148 kon\u0161tantnej teploty, stupe\u0148 chladenia a stupe\u0148 prirodzen\u00e9ho chladenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vykurovac\u00ed stupe\u0148<\/strong> V pr\u00edpade kremenn\u00e9ho skla je t\u00e1to pr\u00e1ca zalo\u017een\u00e1 na po\u017eiadavk\u00e1ch na \u017e\u00edhanie optick\u00fdch produktov. Cel\u00fd proces ohrevu zah\u0155\u0148a pomal\u00fd ohrev na 1100\u00b0C. Pod\u013ea sk\u00fasenost\u00ed je n\u00e1rast teploty 4,5\/R\u00b2\u00b0C\/min, kde R je polomer produktu z kremenn\u00e9ho skla.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stupe\u0148 kon\u0161tantnej teploty<\/strong> Ke\u010f kremenn\u00e1 ty\u010d dosiahne skuto\u010dne najvy\u0161\u0161iu teplotu \u017e\u00edhania, teleso pece sa udr\u017eiava na kon\u0161tantnej teplote, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo rovnomern\u00e9 zahrievanie produktu, \u010d\u00edm sa priprav\u00ed na \u010fal\u0161\u00ed krok chladenia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stupe\u0148 chladenia<\/strong> Aby sa eliminovalo alebo vytvorilo ve\u013emi mal\u00e9 trval\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie po\u010das procesu chladenia kremennej ty\u010de, teplota by sa mala pomaly zni\u017eova\u0165, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo ve\u013ek\u00e9mu teplotn\u00e9mu gradientu. R\u00fdchlosti chladenia s\u00fa nasledovn\u00e9:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1100 \u00b0C a\u017e 950 \u00b0C: 15 \u00b0C\/hod<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>950 \u00b0C a\u017e 750 \u00b0C: 30 \u00b0C\/hod<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>750 \u00b0C a\u017e 450 \u00b0C: 60 \u00b0C\/hod<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>F\u00e1za prirodzen\u00e9ho chladenia<\/strong> Pod 450 \u00b0C sa vypne nap\u00e1janie \u017e\u00edhacej pece a prostredie sa udr\u017eiava bez zmeny izola\u010dn\u00e9ho prostredia, k\u00fdm sa prirodzene neochlad\u00ed pod 100 \u00b0C. Pod 100\u00b0C sa izola\u010dn\u00e9 prostredie otvor\u00ed a ochlad\u00ed sa na izbov\u00fa teplotu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cas a teplota vo vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch krokoch vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z v\u00fdsledkov teoretickej a v\u00fdrobnej praxe. Obr\u00e1zok 1 ukazuje ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 experiment\u00e1lne produkty v d\u00f4sledku nerovnomern\u00e9ho ohrevu sp\u00f4soben\u00e9ho pr\u00edli\u0161 kr\u00e1tkym ohrevom alebo \u010dasom kon\u0161tantnej teploty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-bc46a4cd\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">Z\u00e1ver<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V procese v\u00fdroby a spracovania kremenn\u00e9ho skla existuje nap\u00e4tie vo v\u00fdrobkoch v ktorejko\u013evek f\u00e1ze, \u010di u\u017e do\u010dasnej alebo trvalej. Met\u00f3dy ako \u201eplame\u0148\u201c, \u201ekyselina HF\u201c a \u201e\u017e\u00edhacia pec\u201c sa m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017ei\u0165 na odstr\u00e1nenie do\u010dasn\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia alebo zn\u00ed\u017eenie trval\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia. Odstr\u00e1nenie nap\u00e4tia je rozhoduj\u00face pre zlep\u0161enie mechanickej stability a optickej jednotnosti kremenn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V spolo\u010dnosti GlobalQT (Global Quartz Tube) sa \u0161pecializujeme na vysokokvalitn\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/products\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2062\">v\u00fdrobky z kremenn\u00e9ho skla<\/a> s prisp\u00f4sobite\u013en\u00fdmi rie\u0161eniami, ktor\u00e9 sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa va\u0161e \u0161pecifick\u00e9 potreby. Viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed n\u00e1jdete na na\u0161ej str\u00e1nke <a href=\"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/\">webovej str\u00e1nky<\/a> alebo n\u00e1s kontaktujte e-mailom na <a>contact@globalquartztube.com<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Introduction This research on the processing and annealing techniques of quartz glass is aimed at fiber optic production and related projects. It seeks to improve the stability of quartz products at high and normal temperatures through practice, ensuring smooth application of products in various scenarios. 2. Processing of Quartz Glass Products 2.1 Types of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3701,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Research on Processing and Annealing Techniques of Quartz Glass","_seopress_titles_desc":"Explore the types, stress generation, and annealing techniques of quartz glass, improving stability for high-temperature applications through practical research.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[13],"class_list":["post-3698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","author-casper-peng"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass.webp",1024,1024,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass-768x768.webp",768,768,true],"large":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass.webp",1024,1024,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass.webp",1024,1024,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass.webp",1024,1024,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass-12x12.webp",12,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Peng, Casper","author_link":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/author\/casper-peng\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"1. Introduction This research on the processing and annealing techniques of quartz glass is aimed at fiber optic production and related projects. It seeks to improve the stability of quartz products at high and normal temperatures through practice, ensuring smooth application of products in various scenarios. 2. Processing of Quartz Glass Products 2.1 Types of&hellip;","authors":[{"term_id":13,"user_id":3,"is_guest":0,"slug":"casper-peng","display_name":"Peng, Casper","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Casper-Peng.webp","url2x":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Casper-Peng.webp"},"0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3698"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4260,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3698\/revisions\/4260"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3698"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}