\u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03b2\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5) \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd) \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd.
\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b1 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd) \u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2.
\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong> \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5:<\/strong> \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd SiC\/GaN:<\/strong> \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd:<\/strong> \u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf:<\/strong> \u0395\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1:<\/strong> \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong> 1. Semiconductor Device Manufacturing (Highly Relevant) High-Temperature Diffusion\/Annealing Processes:Quartz tubes are commonly used in semiconductor wafer high-temperature diffusion furnaces for doping (such as phosphorus or boron diffusion) or annealing (activating dopants).Carrier lifetime is a key parameter for evaluating silicon wafer quality. If quartz tube impurities (such as metal ions) contaminate the wafers, it can lead […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Which Tests Require Attention to Carrier Lifetime Values ((Part 3 of 10)","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[21],"class_list":["post-6406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","author-nola"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/High-temperature-diffusion-furnace.jpg",884,879,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/High-temperature-diffusion-furnace-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/High-temperature-diffusion-furnace-300x298.jpg",300,298,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/High-temperature-diffusion-furnace-768x764.jpg",768,764,true],"large":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/High-temperature-diffusion-furnace.jpg",884,879,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/High-temperature-diffusion-furnace.jpg",884,879,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/High-temperature-diffusion-furnace.jpg",884,879,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/High-temperature-diffusion-furnace-12x12.jpg",12,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Nola Zhang","author_link":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/author\/nola\/"},"uagb_comment_info":9,"uagb_excerpt":"1. Semiconductor Device Manufacturing (Highly Relevant) High-Temperature Diffusion\/Annealing Processes:Quartz tubes are commonly used in semiconductor wafer high-temperature diffusion furnaces for doping (such as phosphorus or boron diffusion) or annealing (activating dopants).Carrier lifetime is a key parameter for evaluating silicon wafer quality. If quartz tube impurities (such as metal ions) contaminate the wafers, it can lead…","authors":[{"term_id":21,"user_id":1,"is_guest":0,"slug":"nola","display_name":"Nola Zhang","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Casper-Peng.webp","url2x":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Casper-Peng.webp"},"0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6406"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6494,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6406\/revisions\/6494"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6406"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=6406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition). \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03c7\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n![\"\u039a\u03bb\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2](\"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/High-temperature-diffusion-furnace.jpg\")
2. \u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03c4\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd (\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 PERC \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 TOPCon, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 SiNx \u03ae Al\u2082O\u2083) \u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.
\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.
\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 QSSPC (Quasi-Steady-State Photoconductance) \u03ae \u03bc-PCD (Microwave Photoconductance Decay) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n3. \u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (>1500\u00b0C) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (SiC) \u03ae \u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (GaN) \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd.
\u0397 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n4. \u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf InGaAs), \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03c4\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\/\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03c4\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"