{"id":3698,"date":"2024-05-30T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/?p=3698"},"modified":"2024-06-27T16:59:50","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T08:59:50","slug":"research-on-processing-and-annealing-techniques-of-quartz-glass","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/research-on-processing-and-annealing-techniques-of-quartz-glass\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdzkum technik zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents uagb-toc__align-left uagb-toc__columns-1  uagb-block-7f4d3acd\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-scroll= \"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-offset= \"30\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uagb-toc__separator'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__list-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#1-introduction\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">1. \u00davod<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#2-processing-of-quartz-glass-products\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">2. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f z k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla<\/a><ul class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#21-types-of-quartz-glass-materials\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">2.1 Typy materi\u00e1l\u016f z k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#22-processing-of-quartz-glass-materials\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">2.2 Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#3-stress-in-quartz-glass-products\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">3. Nap\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u00fdrobc\u00edch z k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla<\/a><ul class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#31-generation-of-stress\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">3.1 Generov\u00e1n\u00ed stresu<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#32-types-of-stress-in-quartz-glass-products\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">3.2 Typy nap\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u00fdrobc\u00edch z k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#321-temporary-stress\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">3.2.1 Do\u010dasn\u00fd stres<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#322-permanent-stress\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">3.2.2 Trval\u00fd stres<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#4-annealing-of-quartz-products\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">4. \u017d\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#conclusion\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/a><\/ul><\/ul><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-b18411bb\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">1. \u00davod<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento v\u00fdzkum technik zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla je zam\u011b\u0159en na v\u00fdrobu optick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed projekty. Sna\u017e\u00ed se prax\u00ed zlep\u0161it stabilitu k\u0159emenn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch a norm\u00e1ln\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch a zajistit tak hladkou aplikaci v\u00fdrobk\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-382e9e38\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">2. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f z k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-70147f77\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">2.1 Typy materi\u00e1l\u016f z k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla<\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0159emenn\u00e9 sklo je klasifikov\u00e1no podle metod zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, pou\u017eit\u00ed a vzhledu, jako je taven\u00e9 pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 k\u0159emenn\u00e9 sklo, taven\u00e9 k\u0159emenn\u00e9 sklo, plynem rafinovan\u00e9 pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 k\u0159emenn\u00e9 sklo, syntetick\u00e9 k\u0159emenn\u00e9 sklo, nepr\u016fhledn\u00e9 k\u0159emenn\u00e9 sklo, optick\u00e9 k\u0159emenn\u00e9 sklo, k\u0159emenn\u00e9 sklo pro polovodi\u010de a k\u0159emen sklo pro elektrick\u00e9 sv\u011bteln\u00e9 zdroje. Ty se d\u011bl\u00ed do dvou hlavn\u00edch kategori\u00ed: pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 a nepr\u016fhledn\u00e9. Podle \u010distoty se d\u011bl\u00ed do t\u0159\u00ed kategori\u00ed: vysok\u00e1 \u010distota, oby\u010dejn\u00e1 a dopovan\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Devitrifikace k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla odoln\u00e9ho v\u016f\u010di vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m je neodmyslitelnou vadou. K\u0159emenn\u00e9 sklo m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed energii ne\u017e krystalick\u00fd k\u0159emen, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed termodynamicky nestabiln\u00ed metastabiln\u00ed stav. Molekuly SiO2 urychluj\u00ed vibrace a po dlouhodob\u00e9m p\u0159eskupov\u00e1n\u00ed a orientaci tvo\u0159\u00ed krystaly. Krystalizace se vyskytuje hlavn\u011b na povrchu, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e1 vnit\u0159n\u00edmi defekty, proto\u017ee tyto oblasti jsou n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 ke kontaminaci, co\u017e vede k lokalizovan\u00e9 akumulaci iont\u016f ne\u010distot. Zejm\u00e9na alkalick\u00e9 ionty (jako K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg) sni\u017euj\u00ed viskozitu p\u0159i vstupu do s\u00edt\u011b a urychluj\u00ed odskeln\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 o zpracovan\u00fdch k\u0159emenn\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1ch, pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch pouze pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 syntetick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1torov\u00e9 k\u0159emenn\u00e9 sklo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-bdc70e2a\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">2.2 Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla<\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vod\u00edk-kysl\u00edkov\u00fd plamen s teplotou zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed asi 1500-1600 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-5c83f448\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">3. Nap\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u00fdrobc\u00edch z k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-cf542c19\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">3.1 Generov\u00e1n\u00ed stresu<\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Sklo je \u0161patn\u00fd vodi\u010d tepla. Kdy\u017e se kus k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla (bez tlaku) zah\u0159eje nebo ochlad\u00ed, vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstva k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla se p\u0159\u00edmo zah\u0159eje nebo za\u010dne nejprve chladnout a vnit\u0159n\u00ed sklo se zah\u0159eje (veden\u00ed tepla p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teplo dovnit\u0159) nebo se ochlad\u00ed a\u017e pot\u00e9. . T\u00edm vznik\u00e1 teplotn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi povrchem a vnit\u0159kem k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla. P\u0159i zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je povrchov\u00e1 teplota p\u0159\u00edmo vyh\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla vysok\u00e1 a vnit\u0159n\u00ed teplota k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00edho teplo je n\u00edzk\u00e1, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje expanzi vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9ho k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla. Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teplota interi\u00e9ru se sna\u017e\u00ed udr\u017eet sv\u016fj p\u016fvodn\u00ed stav a br\u00e1n\u00ed rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy. V k\u0159emenn\u00e9m skle tedy doch\u00e1z\u00ed k expanzi a anti-expanzi, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dva typy nap\u011bt\u00ed v d\u016fsledku interakce: tlakov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a tahov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. S\u00edla, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017e\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstv\u011b k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla expandovat dovnit\u0159 a p\u016fsobit na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvu, se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 tlakov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, zat\u00edmco s\u00edla vyv\u00edjen\u00e1 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvou k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla expanduj\u00edc\u00ed dovnit\u0159 je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako tahov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee pevnost k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla v tlaku je mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jeho pevnost v tahu, mohou vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla odol\u00e1vat zna\u010dn\u00fdm teplotn\u00edm rozd\u00edl\u016fm b\u011bhem oh\u0159evu. P\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed lampy lze k\u0159emenn\u00e9 sklo p\u0159\u00edmo zah\u0159\u00edvat v plameni vod\u00edku a kysl\u00edku, ani\u017e by se rozbilo. Naopak, kdy\u017e se k\u0159emenn\u00e9 sklo zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9 na 500 \u00b0C nebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vlo\u017e\u00ed do chladic\u00ed vody, snadno praskne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozlo\u017een\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed generovan\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm lampy je zhruba n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stres p\u0159i rota\u010dn\u00edm taven\u00ed<\/strong> Ruce oper\u00e1tora ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed a tav\u00ed sklen\u011bnou trubici v plameni ho\u0159\u00e1ku. Proto\u017ee se sklen\u011bn\u00e1 trubice zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e rotac\u00ed ne\u017e v roztaven\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, nap\u011bt\u00ed se projevuje jako kruhov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stres p\u0159i bo\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> U otvor\u016f, bo\u010dn\u00edch spoj\u016f a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho j\u00e1dra k\u0159emenn\u00fdch trubek se k\u0159emenn\u00e1 trubice neot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek jin\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, ne\u017e je uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e. V tomto okam\u017eiku je nap\u011bt\u00ed rozlo\u017eeno kolem roztaven\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nap\u011bt\u00ed v prstencov\u00fdch spoj\u00edch<\/strong> Prstencov\u00e9 spoje se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho j\u00e1dra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stres v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch konc\u00edch bundov\u00fdch produkt\u016f<\/strong> V\u00fdrobky z k\u0159emenn\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165\u016f n\u00e1stroj\u016f p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1ch, ale v\u0161echny jsou zape\u010det\u011bny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u standardn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 trubice kondenz\u00e1toru, kdy\u017e jsou oba konce ut\u011bsn\u011bny, je nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomno nejen na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pl\u00e1\u0161ti, ale tak\u00e9 na vnit\u0159n\u00edm j\u00e1dru, co\u017e vede k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Velikost nap\u011bt\u00ed se m\u011bn\u00ed s rozd\u00edlem teplot a tlou\u0161\u0165kou k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla. \u010c\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je teplotn\u00ed rozd\u00edl a \u010d\u00edm je sklo tlust\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je nap\u011bt\u00ed. Proto je odstran\u011bn\u00ed stresu obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-0512fd7b\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">3.2 Typy nap\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u00fdrobc\u00edch z k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla<\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tepeln\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u00fdrobc\u00edch z k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla lze rozd\u011blit na do\u010dasn\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a trval\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-599187b2\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">3.2.1 Do\u010dasn\u00fd stres<\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Do\u010dasn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed nast\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e je zm\u011bna teploty skla pod teplotou bodu deformace, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 teplo v d\u016fsledku \u0161patn\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 vodivosti, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Toto tepeln\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed existuje v d\u016fsledku teplotn\u00edho rozd\u00edlu a je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako do\u010dasn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee proto\u017ee zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9 k\u0159emenn\u00e9 ty\u010de obvykle obsahuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, jsou n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9mu oh\u0159evu. Proto by m\u011bl b\u00fdt plamen po svaru pou\u017eit k rovnom\u011brn\u00e9mu zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed t\u011bla ty\u010de, aby byl celkov\u00fd teplotn\u00ed gradient co nejhlad\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje do\u010dasn\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed ty\u010de s k\u0159emenn\u00fdm j\u00e1drem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-0e905379\"><h3 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">3.2.2 Trval\u00fd stres<\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e se sklo ochlad\u00ed nad teplotu bodu deformace, tepeln\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed generovan\u00e9 teplotn\u00edm rozd\u00edlem po ochlazen\u00ed na pokojovou teplotu \u00fapln\u011b nezmiz\u00ed a zanech\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed ve skle. Velikost trval\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na rychlosti ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed nad teplotou bodu deformace, viskozit\u011b k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla, koeficientu tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti a tlou\u0161\u0165ce produktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, trval\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed po zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00e9 ty\u010de ovliv\u0148uje n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdrobu. Trval\u00e9 pnut\u00ed lze tedy odstranit pouze \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-998d3415\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">4. \u017d\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Obecn\u011b se sklen\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky po zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00edhaj\u00ed. \u017d\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 procesu tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi teplotou p\u0159echodu a teplotou bodu deformace, aby se eliminovalo tepeln\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed generovan\u00e9 b\u011bhem v\u00fdrobn\u00edho procesu. Obvykle plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je koeficient rozta\u017enosti skla, \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je pr\u016fm\u011br a \u010d\u00edm slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je stav produktu, t\u00edm je nap\u011bt\u00ed siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno d\u0159\u00edve, kontaktovan\u00e1 k\u0159emenn\u00e1 ty\u010d m\u00e1 velk\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br a obsahuje ty\u010de se sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdm j\u00e1drem, tak\u017ee k odstran\u011bn\u00ed pnut\u00ed je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i skute\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b je nemo\u017en\u00e9 zcela eliminovat nap\u011bt\u00ed v t\u011ble ty\u010de b\u011bhem \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00e9 ty\u010de. Zbytkov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed je v\u0161ak tak mal\u00e9, \u017ee jej nelze snadno detekovat ani pod polaroskopem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teoreticky nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplota \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee 95% nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt odstran\u011bno po 3 minut\u00e1ch; nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teplota \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek uvoln\u011bn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed 5% po 3 minut\u00e1ch. Ve v\u00fdrobn\u00ed praxi je b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 teplota o 50\u00b0C ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplota \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed a o 100\u00b0C vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teplota \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed. Existuje mnoho zp\u016fsob\u016f \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed, ale hlavn\u00ed metodou je \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed v peci, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159edm\u011btem t\u00e9to diskuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho principu \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed je \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla rozd\u011bleno do \u010dty\u0159 stup\u0148\u016f: stupe\u0148 oh\u0159evu, stupe\u0148 konstantn\u00ed teploty, stupe\u0148 chlazen\u00ed a stupe\u0148 p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho chlazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stupe\u0148 vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> U k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla vych\u00e1z\u00ed tato pr\u00e1ce z po\u017eadavk\u016f na \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed optick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Cel\u00fd proces oh\u0159evu zahrnuje pomal\u00fd oh\u0159ev na 1100\u00b0C. Podle zku\u0161enost\u00ed je n\u00e1r\u016fst teploty 4,5\/R\u00b2\u00b0C\/min, kde R je polom\u011br v\u00fdrobku z k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stupe\u0148 konstantn\u00ed teploty<\/strong> Kdy\u017e k\u0159emenn\u00e1 ty\u010d dos\u00e1hne skute\u010dn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u011bleso pece se udr\u017euje na konstantn\u00ed teplot\u011b, aby se zajistilo rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed produktu a jeho p\u0159\u00edprava na dal\u0161\u00ed krok chlazen\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stupe\u0148 chlazen\u00ed<\/strong> Aby se eliminovalo nebo vytvo\u0159ilo velmi mal\u00e9 trval\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed b\u011bhem procesu chlazen\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00e9 ty\u010de, m\u011bla by se teplota pomalu sni\u017eovat, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo velk\u00e9mu teplotn\u00edmu gradientu. Rychlosti chlazen\u00ed jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1100 \u00b0C a\u017e 950 \u00b0C: 15 \u00b0C\/hod<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>950 \u00b0C a\u017e 750 \u00b0C: 30 \u00b0C\/hod<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>750 \u00b0C a\u017e 450 \u00b0C: 60 \u00b0C\/hod<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>F\u00e1ze p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho chlazen\u00ed<\/strong> Pod 450 \u00b0C se nap\u00e1jen\u00ed \u017e\u00edhac\u00ed pece vypne a prost\u0159ed\u00ed se udr\u017euje beze zm\u011bny izola\u010dn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, dokud se p\u0159irozen\u011b neochlad\u00ed pod 100 \u00b0C. Pod 100 \u00b0C se izola\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed otev\u0159e a ochlad\u00ed se na pokojovou teplotu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cas a teplota ve v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch kroc\u00edch vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z v\u00fdsledk\u016f teoretick\u00e9 a v\u00fdrobn\u00ed praxe. Obr\u00e1zek 1 ukazuje ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed produkty v d\u016fsledku nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9ho oh\u0159evu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm oh\u0159evem nebo dobou konstantn\u00ed teploty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-bc46a4cd\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V procesu v\u00fdroby a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla existuje nap\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u00fdrobc\u00edch v jak\u00e9koli f\u00e1zi, a\u0165 u\u017e do\u010dasn\u00e9 nebo trval\u00e9. Metody jako \u201eplamen\u201c, \u201eHF kyselina\u201c a \u201e\u017e\u00edhac\u00ed pec\u201c lze pou\u017e\u00edt k odstran\u011bn\u00ed do\u010dasn\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed nebo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed trval\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed pnut\u00ed je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 stability a optick\u00e9 jednotnosti k\u0159emenn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve spole\u010dnosti GlobalQT (Global Quartz Tube) se specializujeme na vysoce kvalitn\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/products\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2062\">v\u00fdrobky z k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho skla<\/a> s p\u0159izp\u016fsobiteln\u00fdmi \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi pro va\u0161e konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pot\u0159eby. Pro v\u00edce informac\u00ed nav\u0161tivte na\u0161i <a href=\"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/\">webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka<\/a> nebo n\u00e1s kontaktujte e-mailem na adrese <a>contact@globalquartztube.com<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Introduction This research on the processing and annealing techniques of quartz glass is aimed at fiber optic production and related projects. It seeks to improve the stability of quartz products at high and normal temperatures through practice, ensuring smooth application of products in various scenarios. 2. Processing of Quartz Glass Products 2.1 Types of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3701,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Research on Processing and Annealing Techniques of Quartz Glass","_seopress_titles_desc":"Explore the types, stress generation, and annealing techniques of quartz glass, improving stability for high-temperature applications through practical research.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[13],"class_list":["post-3698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","author-casper-peng"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass.webp",1024,1024,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass-768x768.webp",768,768,true],"large":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass.webp",1024,1024,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass.webp",1024,1024,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass.webp",1024,1024,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Processing-and-Annealing-Techniques-of-Quartz-Glass-12x12.webp",12,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Peng, Casper","author_link":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/author\/casper-peng\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"1. Introduction This research on the processing and annealing techniques of quartz glass is aimed at fiber optic production and related projects. It seeks to improve the stability of quartz products at high and normal temperatures through practice, ensuring smooth application of products in various scenarios. 2. Processing of Quartz Glass Products 2.1 Types of&hellip;","authors":[{"term_id":13,"user_id":3,"is_guest":0,"slug":"casper-peng","display_name":"Peng, Casper","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Casper-Peng.webp","url2x":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Casper-Peng.webp"},"0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3698"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4260,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3698\/revisions\/4260"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3698"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalquartztube.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}